Selling user data is not restricted to website and mobile apppublishers. The marketing intelligence company SimilarWeb, for example,receives data not only from hundredsof thousands of direct measurement sources from websites and apps, but alsofrom desktopsoftware and browser extensions. In recent years, many other kinds ofdevices with sensors and network connections have entered everyday life,from e-readers and wearables to smartTVs, meters, thermostats, smoke alarms, printers, fridges, toothbrushes, toys,and cars. Like smartphones, these devices give companies unprecedentedaccess to consumer behavior across many life contexts.
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Similarmethods can be used to personalize prices in online shops by, for example,predicting how valuable someone might be as customer in the long term orhow much someone is probably willing to pay in a moment. Strong evidence suggeststhat online shops already show differentlypriced products to different consumers, or even different prices for thesame products, based on their individual characteristics and behaviors.A similar field is the use of personalization during election campaigns. Targeting voters with personalizedmessages that areadapted to their personality and to their political views on certain issues hasalready raised massivedebates about the potential for politicalmanipulation.
In addition, most major companies in businesssoftware, analytics and consulting, such as IBM, Informatica, SAS, FICO,Accenture, Capgemini, Deloitte, and McKinsey, or even intelligence anddefense firms such as Palantir, also play a significant role in themanagement and analysis of personal data, from customer relationship managementto identity management to marketing to risk analytics for insurers, banks, andgovernments.
Origin is a Windows software, optimized for the Windows GUI. To install and run Origin or OriginPro on a Mac, you need use a virtualization software, as explained below.OriginLab has made available a free. The Mac Viewer is a portable, standalone application that can be run without installation. Use it to open Origin files in the Mac environment (Mac OS 10.10 or newer) so that you can view and copy data to other applications, including the copying and pasting of Origin's publication-quality graphs and layout pages as PNG or PDF images.OriginLab recommends running Origin from, if dual-booting is an option.
This process requires high temperatures and high pressure.More loosely, outside the field of petroleum chemistry, the term 'cracking' is used to describe any type of splitting of molecules under the influence of heat, catalysts and solvents, such as in processes of or.Fluid catalytic cracking produces a high yield of and, while hydrocracking is a major source of, and again yields LPG. Contents.History and patents Among several variants of thermal cracking methods (variously known as the ', ', 'Burton-Humphreys cracking process', and 'Dubbs cracking process'), a Russian engineer, invented and patented the first in 1891 (Russian Empire, patent no. 12926, November 7, 1891). One installation was used to a limited extent in Russia, but development was not followed up.
Steam cracker units are facilities in which a feedstock such as naphtha, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), or is thermally cracked through the use of steam in a bank of pyrolysis furnaces to produce lighter hydrocarbons. The products obtained depend on the composition of the feed, the hydrocarbon-to-steam ratio, and on the cracking temperature and furnace residence time.In steam cracking, a gaseous or liquid hydrocarbon feed like, or is diluted with steam and briefly heated in a furnace without the presence of oxygen. Typically, the reaction temperature is very high, at around 850 C, but the reaction is only allowed to take place very briefly.
steam cracking furnaces:. primary and secondary heat recovery with quench;. a dilution steam recycle system between the furnaces and the quench system;. primary compression of the cracked gas (3 stages of compression);. and carbon dioxide removal (acid gas removal);. secondary compression (1 or 2 stages);. drying of the cracked gas;.
cryogenic treatment;. all of the cold cracked gas stream goes to the demethanizer tower. The overhead stream from the demethanizer tower consists of all the hydrogen and methane that was in the cracked gas stream.
the bottom stream from the demethanizer tower goes to the deethanizer tower. The overhead stream from the deethanizer tower consists of all the C2's that were in the cracked gas stream. The C2 stream contains acetylene, which is explosive above 200 kPa (29 psi). If the partial pressure of acetylene is expected to exceed these values, the C2 stream is partially hydrogenated. The C2's then proceed to a C2 splitter. The product ethylene is taken from the overhead of the tower and the ethane coming from the bottom of the splitter is recycled to the furnaces to be cracked again;.
the bottom stream from the de-ethanizer tower goes to the depropanizer tower. The overhead stream from the depropanizer tower consists of all the C3's that were in the cracked gas stream. Before feeding the C3's to the C3 splitter, the stream is hydrogenated to convert the and mix.
This stream is then sent to the C3 splitter. The overhead stream from the C3 splitter is product propylene and the bottom stream is propane which is sent back to the furnaces for cracking or used as fuel. The bottom stream from the depropanizer tower is fed to the debutanizer tower. The overhead stream from the debutanizer is all of the C4's that were in the cracked gas stream. The bottom stream from the debutanizer (light pyrolysis gasoline) consists of everything in the cracked gas stream that is C5 or heavier.Since ethylene production is energy intensive, much effort has been dedicated to recovering heat from the gas leaving the furnaces. Most of the energy recovered from the cracked gas is used to make high pressure (1200 psig) steam. This steam is in turn used to drive the turbines for compressing cracked gas, the propylene refrigeration compressor, and the ethylene refrigeration compressor.
An ethylene plant, once running, does not need to import steam to drive its steam turbines. A typical world scale ethylene plant (about 1.5 billion pounds of ethylene per year) uses a 45,000 horsepower (34,000 kW) cracked gas compressor, a 30,000 hp (22,000 kW) propylene compressor, and a 15,000 hp (11,000 kW) ethylene compressor.Fluid Catalytic cracking. Schematic flow diagram of a fluid catalytic crackerThe catalytic cracking process involves the presence of, usually. The catalysts promote the formation of, which undergo processes of rearrangement and scission of C-C bonds. Relative to thermal cracking, cat cracking proceeds at milder temperatures, which saves energy.
The catalyst-hydrocarbon mixture flows upward through the riser for a few seconds, and then the mixture is separated via. The catalyst-free hydrocarbons are routed to a main for separation into fuel gas, LPG, gasoline, light cycle oils used in diesel and jet fuel, and heavy fuel oil. During the trip up the riser, the cracking catalyst is 'spent' by reactions which deposit coke on the catalyst and greatly reduce activity and selectivity. The 'spent' catalyst is disengaged from the cracked hydrocarbon vapors and sent to a stripper where it contacts steam to remove hydrocarbons remaining in the catalyst pores. The 'spent' catalyst then flows into a fluidized-bed regenerator where air (or in some cases air plus ) is used to burn off the coke to restore catalyst activity and also provide the necessary heat for the next reaction cycle, cracking being an. The 'regenerated' catalyst then flows to the base of the riser, repeating the cycle. The gasoline produced in the FCC unit has an elevated but is less chemically stable compared to other gasoline components due to its profile.
Other commercially available tools are Fractfinder (Denbur, Oak Brook, IL, USA) and Tooth Slooth II (Professional Results Inc., Laguna Niguel, CA, USA). Ehrman et al. have advocated the use of this method as one with a higher level of sensitivity than that associated with the use of wood sticks. This helps in accurate identification of the involved cusp. The Fractfinder or Tooth slooth can be used on each individual cusp and the patient is asked to bite, thus allowing the placement of selective pressure on one cusp. If there is pain on biting or release of biting pressure, it is indicative that the cusp is cracked.
Origin is the data analysis and graphing software of choice for over half a million scientists and engineers in commercial industries, academia, and government laboratories worldwide. Origin offers an easy-to-use interface for beginners, combined with the ability to perform advanced customization as you become more familiar with the application.
The Polynomial Surface Fit app is a great tool for fitting XYZ data with polynomial equations of specified/maximum degree in X and Y, and ranking equations to determine best fit. Using a transparent surface and drop lines to surface instead of the bottom plane, you can show distances between the points and the surface.
The Rank Models tool in OriginPro can fit and rank multiple functions to a dataset. The fit results can be ranked by either Akaike (AIC) or Bayesian (BIC) Information Criterion, to determine the best fitting model for your data.
Use the Integrate Gadget to perform integration of data curves in a graph. A region-of-interest (ROI) control is provided to interactively select the desired data range. Baseline methods include selecting an existing data plot as a baseline to determine the area between two curves, as displayed in this graph. Batch integration of multiple curves is also supported.
Turing was prosecuted in 1952 for homosexual acts. He accepted hormone treatment with DES, a procedure commonly referred to as chemical castration, as an alternative to prison. Turing died on 7 June 1954, 16 days before his 42nd birthday, from cyanide poisoning. An inquest determined his death as a suicide, but it has been noted that the known evidence is also consistent with accidental poisoning. Following a public campaign in 2009, the British prime minister Gordon Brown made an official public apology on behalf of the British government for "the appalling way [Turing] was treated". Queen Elizabeth II granted a posthumous pardon in 2013. The term "Alan Turing law" is now used informally to refer to a 2017 law in the United Kingdom that retroactively pardoned men cautioned or convicted under historical legislation that outlawed homosexual acts.[15] 2ff7e9595c
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